The Kalachakra (Wheel of Time) teachings of Buddhism
describe ‘Kalpa’ (era), which is (relatively) small cycle of time extending
several centuries, similar to Yuga in Hindu traditions. According to the
Maitreyavyankarna ("Prophecy of Maitreya"), the present era will end
with severe geological catastrophes which will significantly change the face of
the planet that a world leader can easily travel between countries. At that
time, Buddha will incarnate as Lord Maitreya ("The Buddha Who
Returns") who will teach dharma and help people to attain salvation.
A prophecy by Gautama Buddha in Chapter 26 of Digha
Nikaya describes, “At that period, brethren, there will arise in the world an ‘exalted
one’ named ‘Maitreya’, fully awakened, abounding in wisdom and
goodness, happy, with knowledge of the worlds, unsurpassed as a guide to
mortals willing to be led, a teacher for gods and men, an exalted one, a
Buddha, even as I am now. He, by himself, will thoroughly know and see, as it
were face to face, this universe, with its worlds of the spirits, its Brahmas
and its Maras, and its world of recluses and Brahmins, of princes and peoples,
even as I now, by myself, thoroughly know and see them”.
In the Surangama Sutra, Gautama Buddha
told his disciple Sariputta of the signs that precede the end of the age: "After
my decease, first will occur the five disappearances. And what are
the five disappearances? The disappearance of attainments (to Nirvana),
the disappearance of the method (inability to practice wisdom, insight and the
four purities of moral habit), the disappearance of (spiritual)
learning, the disappearance of the symbols (the outward forms, the robes and
practices of Buddhism), the disappearance of the relics...”
"Then when the Dispensation of the perfect Buddha
is 5,000 years old, the relics, not receiving reverence and honor will go to
places where they can receive them... This, Sariputta, is called the
disappearance of relics."
Buddha had previously promised that the Dharma would
last for 5,000 years, which if broken down is really five periods of one
thousand years, each period representing one of the five disappearances.
After the fifth period, that is five thousand years, the Dharma would disappear
and the true message of Buddha would be lost.
However, Buddha contests that because he has allowed
women to participate in the fullness of Buddhist life, he would halve the time
until the Dharma's expiration from five periods of one-thousand years (5,000
years), to five periods of five-hundred years (2,500 years) which is described in
a conversation with Ananda in Vinya Pitaka (II: 253).
"If, Ananda, women had not retired from the
household life to the houseless one, under the doctrine and discipline
announced by the Tathagata (another Buddha), Dharma would long endure; a
thousand years would the good Dharma abide. But since, Ananda, women have
now retired from the household life to the houseless one, under the doctrine
and the discipline announced by the Tathagata, not long Ananada, will Dharma
endure; but five hundred years, Ananda, until the Dharma abide".
The Chinese Buddhist text Abhidharmakosha (4.12c.
III. p. 41) affords a few more details about this prophecy: "The monks and
stream-attainers will be strong in their union with Dharma for 500 years after
the Blessed One's Parinirvana. In the second 500 years they will be strong in
meditation. In the third period of 500 years they will be strong in erudition.
In the fourth 500-year period they will only be occupied with gift-giving. The
final or fifth period of 500 years will see only fighting and reproving among
the monks and followers. The pure Dharma will then become invisible."
The advent of Maitreya will be after 2500 years from
the dispensation (death) of Buddha (or the beginning of ‘Buddhist era’). One of
the possible dates is 544 B.C., which suggests 1956 A.D. as the birth year of
Maitreya. Another possible date is 483 B.C., which suggests the year 2017.
The ‘Buddhist scriptures’ by Edward Conze describes
the birth of Maitreya as “The Lord replied, Maitreya, the best of men, will
then leave the Tushita heavens, and go for his last rebirth. As soon as
he is born he will walk seven steps forward, and where he puts down his feet a
jewel or a lotus will spring up. He will raise his eyes to the ten
directions, and will speak these words: 'This is my last birth.
There will be no rebirth after this one. Never will I come back here,
but, all pure, I shall in Nirvana.”
Nicholas Roerich, who traveled in Asia during the
1920s, transmitted this Tibetan prophecy of the end of the present era: "First
will begin an unprecedented war of nations. Afterwards brother will rise
against brother. Oceans of blood shall flow. And the people shall cease to
understand one another. They shall forget the meaning of the word teacher. But
just then shall the teachers appear and in all the corners of the world shall
be heard the true teaching. To this word of truth shall the people be drawn,
but those who are filled with darkness and ignorance shall set obstacles. As a
diamond glows the light in the tower of the Lord of Shambhala. One stone on his
ring is worth more than the entire world's treasure. Even those who by accident
help the teachings of Shambhala will receive in return a hundredfold. Already
many warriors of the truth are reincarnated. Only a few years shall elapse
before everyone shall hear the mighty steps of the Lord of the New Era. And one
can already perceive the unusual manifestations and encounter unusual people.
Already they open the gates of knowledge and ripened fruits are falling from
the trees."
"For 60,000 years Maitreya, the best of men, will
preach the true Dharma, which is compassionate towards all living beings. And
when he has disciplined in his true Dharma hundreds and hundreds of millions of
living beings, then that leader will at last enter Nirvana. And after the great
sage has entered Nirvana, his true Dharma still endured for another 10,000
years."
The Gautama Buddha explained Sariputta "At that time, the ocean
will lose much of its water, and there will be much less of it than now. In
consequence a world-ruler will have no difficulties in passing across it.
India, this island of Jambu, will be quite flat everywhere, it will measure ten
thousand leagues, and all men will have the privilege of living on it. It will
have innumerable inhabitants, who will commit no crimes or evil deeds, but will
take pleasure in doing good. Human beings are then without any blemishes, moral
offenses are unknown among them, and they are full of zest and joy. Their
bodies are very large and their skin has a fine hue. Their strength is quite
extraordinary. Three kinds of illness only are known: people must relieve their
bowels, they must eat, and they must get old.”